If you’ve ever filed a federal income tax return, chances are you used IRS Form 1040. This is the standard form used by most people to file a personal income tax return, report the income they received during the year, and figure out how much of that income is taxable after claiming tax deductions and credits.
Depending on the type of income, deductions, and credits you claim, completing Form 1040 may be simple or complicated. This overview will guide you through the basics of filling out the form.
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Where To Find Form 1040
The IRS offers a PDF version of Form 1040 that you can fill out manually. You’ll need to input your personal information, income and deductions to complete the form.
Besides using the online PDF, there are other ways to access the form:
- Use the IRS’s Free File Fillable Forms (available from mid-January until mid-October)
- Pick up copies of tax forms at an IRS Taxpayer Assistance Center (currently available only by appointment)
- Request copies by calling 800-829-3676 (available Monday through Friday, 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. local time)
- Use one of the popular tax software programs like TurboTax, TaxAct or H&R Block, which will fill in your 1040 and other forms for you
How To Complete Form 1040
Before getting started, gather all your tax documents, including your W-2s, 1099s and other records of your income and deductions. From there, you can take Form 1040 step by step.
Step 1: Fill In Your Basic Information
The first half of Form 1040 asks some basic questions about your filing status, identification, contact information and dependents.
When entering your name and the names of your spouse and dependents, be sure to enter them exactly as they appear on their Social Security cards. Using a nickname or married name (when you haven’t formally updated your name with the Social Security Administration) can result in your tax return being rejected for electronic filing or facing processing delays for paper returns.
Step 2: Report Your Income
The next few lines of Form 1040 provide lines for reporting several different sources of income, including:
- Wages (found on your W-2)
- Interest and dividends
- Retirement income from IRAs, 401(k)s, pensions and Social Security
If you have any other sources of taxable income, such as from a business, rental property, farm or unemployment compensation, you’ll need to attach Schedule 1 to your Form 1040 to report those earnings.
Schedule 1 also is where you’ll report adjustments to income, known as “above the line deductions.” They include things like contributions to a health savings account or self-employed retirement plan; health insurance premiums for self-employed people; and the student loan interest deduction.
Check out the IRS Form 1040 Instructions for more information on the types of income and adjustments that go on Schedule 1.
Subtracting the adjustments from your total income will give you your adjusted gross income (AGI), which goes on line 11 of your Form 1040.
Step 3: Claim Your Deductions
When you file Form 1040, you can choose between itemizing or claiming the standard deduction. Most filers choose the standard deduction, but if your total itemized deductions are greater than the standard deduction for your filing status, you can itemize by completing Schedule A and submitting it with your Form 1040.
Itemized deductions include:
- Medical and dental expenses
- State and local taxes
- Mortgage interest
- Gifts to charity
- Casualty losses (losses relating to your home, vehicles or personal property caused by a federally declared disaster)
If you own a pass-through business, you may benefit from claiming the Qualified Business Income Deduction on line 13.
Your AGI, minus all available deductions, is your taxable income, which goes on line 15 of Form 1040.
Step 4: Calculate Your Tax
You’ll calculate your tax on the second page of Form 1040. The Form 1040 Instructions include tables for help with the calculations, but tax software (or a qualified tax professional) can handle that for you.
There are a handful of other taxes you might need to pay, including:
- Alternative minimum tax
- Self-employment tax
- Household employment taxes
The Form 1040 Instructions provide more details on these taxes and how to report them on Schedule 2.
Step 5: Claim Tax Credits
If you have dependents, you may claim the child tax credit or the credit for other dependents. To claim these credits, include Form 2441 or Schedule 8812 (if you are claiming the additional child tax credit) with your Form 1040.
Other credits go on Schedule 3, including:
- Foreign tax credit
- Credit for child and dependent care expenses
- Education credits
Subtract those credits (and any taxes you’ve already paid for the year) from your calculated tax. The result is either a refund or the amount you owe for the year.
Once you’ve completed and signed your tax return, you can file Form 1040 electronically or print and mail it to the address shown in the Form 1040 Instructions.
Compare The Best Tax Software For The Self-Employed
Sounds simple, right? For many taxpayers, it’s not. There may be several additional forms and schedules you need to file with Form 1040. For that reason, it’s a good idea to either work with a qualified tax professional or use tax preparation software that will ask questions and help you select and complete the right forms.
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