Your Down Payment
Your mortgage rate adjusts with your down payment amount. Interestingly, you’ll receive the lowest mortgage rates when your down payment is below 20%. This protects lenders because you’ll need separate mortgage default insurance from the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). Although your mortgage rate decreases, the additional insurance costs will affect your cost of borrowing. Conversely, larger down payments mitigate lender risk, leading to a reduction in your interest rate. Interestingly, lenders face the highest risk when the down payment is exactly 20%.
Your Amortization Period
Longer amortization periods typically have higher interest rates, compared to shorter ones. In addition, extended amortization periods increase your lifetime interest paid. Conversely, shorter amortization periods decrease the amount of interest paid throughout your loan, but increase your monthly mortgage payment.
Your Mortgage Term
While your amortization period is the length of time it takes to repay your loan, say 25 years, your mortgage term is the amount of time before your mortgage renews, typically one, three, five or 10 years, with the most popular term typically being five years. Historically, the longer your term, the higher the interest rate.
Property Usage
Investment properties and secondary vacation homes represent increased risks versus primary residences. Lenders offset these risks by charging you higher interest rates.
Mortgage Type
Refinancing your mortgage generally increases your interest rate compared to purchasing a new home. This is because lenders perceive new home purchases as less risky than significant alterations to an existing mortgage. The interest rate you receive upon mortgage renewal is contingent on both your creditworthiness and the prevailing market conditions at the time of renewal.
Your Employment Status
Lenders favour a stable employment history, especially permanent positions, indicating financial stability and a reliable income. Self-employed and contract workers need extra documentation to secure a good interest rate.
Your Credit Score
A higher credit score can result in lower mortgage rates. In Canada, most mortgage lenders want to see a score exceeding 680. Anyone with a score below that number will likely need to work with private lenders, who have much higher interest rates.
Your Debts
Lenders assess your ability to make mortgage payments using two key ratios: Gross Debt Service Ratio (GDS) and Total Debt Service Ratio (TDS). Lower ratios signify that your income can sufficiently cover payments, enhancing your eligibility for a mortgage. In Canada, the typical maximum GDS and TDS ratios are 39% and 44%, respectively.